The mesmerizing Dzongs in Thimpu

Author: Lily Sharker
Date: 2019-12-05

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Lingzhi Yügyal Dzong, is a significant Drukpa Kagyu monastery and administrative center located at an height of 4150 metres in Lingzhi, Thimphu District, Bhutan. The resident in the Dzong are thirty monks headed by a Lama Neten (head of a district monastic body). The office of the Drungpa (sub-district administrator) is also lodged in the Dzong.



History

The Dzong was constructed in 1668 by the third Desi of Bhutan, Chögyal Minjur Tenpa (r. 1667-1680) to honor victory over a Tibetan conquest and entitled Yügyal Dzong. It controlled the border between Tibet and Bhutan and was one of the chief defensive fortresses in the north of Bhutan.



The Dzong was partially destroyed by an earthquake in 1867. In the 1950s the building was rebuilt and used as administrative centre. Restoration work on the Dzong began in 2005 and was still ongoing in 2010.


Simtokha Dzong ('dzong' means "castle-monastery") also identified as Sangak Zabdhon Phodrang (Bhutanese language meaning: "Palace of the Profound Meaning of Secret Mantras") is a small dzong. It was constructed in 1629 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who unified Bhutan. It is the first of its kind constructed in Bhutan. An important historical structure and former Buddhist monastery, today it stocks one of the best Dzongkha language learning institutes. 



Location
The dzong is at planned security location on a prominent ridge vis-a-vis the Thimphu valley and approach roads to the Dochula Pass and eastern Bhutan. The Simtokha is situated about 5 kilometres south of the Bhutanese capital of Thimphu.

History

The Simtoka Dzong, built in 1629 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, functions as a monastic and administrative centre and is the oldest dzong which has survived in its original form. Namgyal brought into fashion, for the first time in Bhutan, this concept of the "dzong" as castle monastery. An attack on the dzong was completed by five disgruntled lamas in partnership with an invading army of Tibetans who were against the Buddhist practices of the dzong under the control of Zhabdrung. They were overpowered and Palden Lama who was the leader of the invaders perished in the battle. Another attack on the dzong in 1630 by the Tibetans was successful for a while, till part of the dzong caught fire and with the roof crumpling down all the invading forces were killed.

The first renovation and extension works on the dzong was finished in 1670 by Mingyur Tenpa, the third Druk Desi (regent). It underwent many renovations in subsequent years also and the most recent renovating was carried out by architects from Japan.
It is believed that the dzong delivered security against a demon which had vanished into a rock close to the site and hence taken the name 'Simtoka' which means "simmo" (demoness) and 'do' meaning "stone".
The Buddhist school of Linguistics was recognized as part of the dzong by the third Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, at the suggestion of Queen Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorje, in 1961.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bhutanese Prime Minister Lotay Tshering held an official formal meeting and documents interchange ceremony at Simtokha Dzong on 17 August 2019. This was the first time that the memorial was used as a location for international diplomacy.

Features

The dzong, cover an area of about 650 sq ft, has only one admission gate from the south while in the past it was on the west. The dzong constructed over three floors is enclosed on the exterior at the lowermost level with prayer wheels where there is also an array of 300 carvings made of slate which depict saints and philosophers. The chief lhakhang (chapel) has a large image of the Sakyamuni (Buddha), with images of eight bodhisattvas on both sides. There are many dark mural paintings within this lakhang which are supposed to be the oldest in Bhutan. The chapel to the west of the chief Lhakahan has images of Chenresig, green and white Taras (designated as both green and white). There is also an old painting of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the originator of the dzong which was washed in 1995 but still shows signs of cracks. Similarly perceived on the pillars of the eastern goenkhang are the tiger's tails and guns. There are chapels devoted to the Yeshe Goennpo (Mahakala) and Pelden Lhamo, the guardian deities of Bhutan.
In the genre of the Himlayan mural paintings of Himalayas, the galactic mandala in the dzong is considered exclusive. It is a sphere that is painted on the ceiling in the assembly hall or Tshogdu, inside a square in the form of mountain ranges with yellow concentric squares. The circles within it are painted in several colours, making it distinctive, signifies the twelve months of the year. The path of the course of sun's movement is painted as a line in the form of an ellipse in brick red colour; moons are also symbolized.


Tashichhoedzong is a Buddhist monastery and fortress situated on the northern edge of the city of Thimphu in Bhutan, and on the western bank of the Wang Chu. It has by tradition stayed the seat of the Druk Desi (or "Deb Raja"), the head of Bhutan's civil government, an office which has been collective with the kingship since the formation of the monarchy in 1907, and summer capital of the country. In ancient British documents, it is acknowledged as Tassisudon.

It was constructed by the first Dharma Raja, who also created the Lho-drukpa sect of Buddhism, which has remained the distinctive sect of Bhutan. The correct translation of the vernacular name—Bkrashis-chhos-rdzong, means "the fortress of auspicious doctrine"—is, according to Dr. Graham Sandberg, Tashichhoidzong.

The key structure of the whitewashed building is two-storied with three-storied towers at each of the four corners capped by triple-tiered golden roofs. There also consist a large central tower or utse.



History

The original Thimphu dzong (the Do-Ngön Dzong, or Blue Stone Dzong) was constructed in 1216 by Lama Gyalwa Lhanapa (1164-1224), forefather of the Lhapa branch of the Drikung Kagyu, at the place where Dechen Phodrang Monastery today stands on a ridge above the present Tashichö-dzong. In 1641 Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal seized that Dzong from the Lhapa Kagyu, destroyed, and retitled it Tashichö-Dzong. It was then recognized as the main seat of the Southern Drukpa Kagyu and the summer residence of the monastic body or sangha headed by Shabdrung Rinpoche. Majority of this original dzong was destroyed by fire in 1772 and a new dzong was constructed at the present site by the sixteenth Desi, Sonam Lhudrup, and it was then sanctified by the thirteenth Je Khenpo, Je Yonten Taye, who entitled the new Dzong Sonamchö-dzong. After the death of the Desi it was retitled Tashichö-dzong after the old Dzong.



Tashichö Dzong was yet again destroyed by fire three different times as well completely damaged by an earthquake. Each time it was renovated by the Desi and Je Khenpo of the time. In 1962, after the capital was moved from Punakha to Thimphu, the present Dzong was rebuilt by the third king, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, as the seat of Government ensuing a different plan from the old one. Only the central Utse tower, the Lhakhang Sarp (new temple), and main Gönkhang (protector temple) continue from the earlier Dzong. After its conclusion in 1968, the new Tashichö Dzong was blessed by the 66th Je Khenpo Yonten Tarchin; the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpai Dorje; and Je Kudre, Jamyang Yeshe.

Tashichö Dzong has remained the seat of Bhutan's government since 1968. It currently houses the throne room and offices of the king, the cabinet secretariat and the ministries of home affairs and finance. Some other government departments are restricted in buildings to the south of the Dzong, and others in new constructions in Thimphu. West of the dzong is a smaller tower of Ney Khang Lhakhang which houses a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha and protective deities. In 1953 the royal family took up residence in the recently built Dechencholing Palace.


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